ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫХ ВОПРОСОВ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

1) Translate from English: In most countries criminal and civil procedures are different. For example, criminal actions are nearly always started by the state. Civil actions, on the other hand, are usually started by individuals.
2) Translate from English: there are also many points of contact between criminal and civil law. In most countries if the loser of a civil case refuses to comply with the order made against him the procedures for forcing him to comply may result in a criminal prosecution.
3) Translate from English: A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties regarding a specified act or thing.
4) Translate from English: The first requisite of any contract is an agreement. At least two parties are required: one of them, the offerer, makes an offer which the other, offeree, accepts.
5) Translate from English: The mere fact of an agreement alone doesn't make a contract. In order for such an agreement to be valid and enforceable through the courts consideration must be furnished by each party to the contract.
6) Translate from English: Consideration is the value or benefit that a party provides to the others with whom the contract is made. Consideration can take two forms: executed consideration and executory consideration. In any case consideration must not be illegal.
7) Translate from English: The law demands that the parties drafting a contract intended to enter into a legal relationship. In accordance with the intention of the parties to the contract all agreements may be de vided into two categories: social (domestic) and business (commercial) agreements.
8) Translate from English: A minor is bound by contracts of employment, apprenticeship and education, which are for his benefit. And such contracts as leases of land, partnership and the purchase of shares are binding on him until he decides to reject them. He must repudiate the contract before reaching 18 not to be liable upon a contract.
9) Translate from English: There are different types of business contracts. The most common of them are: contracts for financial services, contracts concerning land; mortgages, employment contracts, contracts of agency, contracts for the supply of goods, contracts of bailment: hire.
10) Translate from English: The text of any international commercial contract usually begins with a preamble in which juridical names of the parties drafting a contract are given.
11) Translate from English: The error annuls the contract with the exception of cases when the contracting party would have been equally willing to enter into a contract with any other person.
12) Translate from Russian: Ресурсы, используемые для организации бизнеса - производства товаров и услуг, являются факторами производства. Это - земля, труд, капитал и предпринимательство.
13) Translate from Russian: Труд - совокупный человеческий ресурс(ы), необходимый для превращения сырьевых материалов в товары и услуги. Он включает в себя работу всех работников бизнеса - от высшего руководства до работников всех звеньев организационной структуры.
14) Translate from Russian: Чтобы понять общество, Вы должны иметь основные представления об экономических системах. Вы не можете рассчитывать на то, что разберетесь в быстрой смене событий в мире, не понимая, как функционируют экономические системы.
15) Translate from Russian: Экономическое развитие всех стран было бы ускорено осуществлением широкой программы разоружения. Более низкие уровни военной конфронтации создали бы благоприятную атмосферу для активизации экономического сотрудничества в интересах всех и всего.
16) Translate from Russian: Современный мир полон противоречий и опасностей. По этой причине Россия хочет, чтобы международные политические отношения были нормализованы, а экономическое развитие становилось стабильным и предсказуемым.
17) Translate from Russian: При капитализме бизнес предстает во всех видах и размерах. Однако, в общем, бизнес - это либо товаропроизводящие, либо производящие услуги фирмы.
18) Translate from Russian: В условиях системы частного предпринимательства люди конкурируют друг с другом. Конкуренция вместе с прибылью является краеугольным камнем этой системы.
19) Translate from Russian: Существуют три формы предпринимательской собственности: индивидуальная собственность, товарищество и корпорация. Создавая свое предприятие, предприниматель решает, какую из этих трех форм он должен выбрать.
20) Translate from Russian: Акция - владение частью компании и, следовательно, правом на долю любого дохода, который она приносит (дивиденд).
21) Translate from Russian: Рынок - это группа потенциальных потребителей, обладающих правом и способностью приобретать отдельный товар или услугу, которые удовлетворяют их коллективные запросы.
22) Translate from Russian: Покупательная способность - это то, что отделяет случайны наблюдателей от серьезных клиентов. Любой рынок нуждается в достаточном количестве последних, чтобы гарантировать производство товаров.
23) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) Consumer and manufactured goods.
B) Организовывать поток товаров и денег от производителя к потребителям.
24) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To run a business.
B) Доставлять и создавать запасы товаров (складировать).
25) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To form a partnership.
B) Сбор, накопление, сопоставление и анализ информации о рынке.
26) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) The freedom of choice and competition.
B) Издержки производства растут, а цены падают.
27) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To liquidate or wind up a company.
B) Аннулировать договор (контракт).
28) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) Corporation and sole traders.
B) Прекратить обязательства по договору (контракту).
29) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To avoid excessive borrowings.
B) Оспоримые и лишенные законной силы договоры (контракты).
30) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To make economics.
B) Исполнить договор.
31) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To levy a tax on smth (smb).
B) Договор о передаче на ответственное хранение: прокат.
32) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
А) To lead a miserable existence.
B) Повышать или понижать учетную ставку.
33) Answer the question: What types of modern economic systems do you know? Please, name them.
34) Answer the question: How are economic decisions made in mixed capitalism?
35) Answer the question: What are the main principles of Russia's foreign policy?
36) Answer the question: Who controls the operation and direction of basic industries in modern Russia?
37) Answer the question: Economics has deep roots in, and close ties to, social philosophy? Why?
38) Answer the question: They say that economics is a behavioral science? Why?
39) Answer the question: What is a market? What kinds of markets do you know?
40) Answer the question: What are three basic forms of business ownership?
41) Answer the question: What is marketing? Which are its main functions?
42) Answer the question: What types of business contracts do you know?
43) Answer the question: What problems is Contract law concerned with? What is its role in business?
44) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The manager … (to work) at the report for two hours when the employees of the firm came.
45) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: We all used … (to work hard) when we were young.
46) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Why do people make businesses? They do it in the hope of …(to get) profits.
47) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Staying within a field of expertise … (to increase) chances of any businessman for success.
48) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Small-business owners do not often succeed in … (to run) a business.
49) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The government insists on (to impose) a new income tax.
50) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: It is true that our director is suspected of … (to commit a crime).
51) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Any businessman needs to speak to other people and he can do it by … (to use) the telephone.
52) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Neither our firm nor competitive firms … (to be) successful in … (to sell) products abroad last year.
53) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: There … (to be) a number telephone calls in our firm today.
54) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Two firms … (to strike) just a contract for the mutual supply of goods.
55) Insert article(s) where necessary: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and … Northern Ireland is … constitutional monarchy.
56) Insert article(s) where necessary: Washington, …capital of the USA, is situated on both banks of … Potomac river.
57) Insert article(s) where necessary: … Great lakes on the border with … Canada are the largest and the deepest in ... USA.
58) Insert article(s) where necessary: The main mountain chains in Russia are ... Urals, ... Caucasus and ... Altai.
59) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is ... purest on ... Earth.
60) Insert article(s) where necessary: Russia is ... presidentail republic, it is one of ... leading powers in the world.
61) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... economics has deep roots in and close ties to ... social philosophy.
62) Insert article(s) where necessary: Do you know that ... sun is, in round numbers, 92.000.000 miles aways from ... Earth.
63) Insert article(s) where necessary: A limited leability company is not ... only way to run ... bisiness, it is also possible to form ... unlimited company.
64) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... Contract law is ... branch of ... civil law. It is ... legal foundation of all business dealings.
65) Insert article(s) where necessary: A mortgage is ... method of borrowing money on ... security of some property.
66) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Is that house ... sale? Yes, it is, but you can buy it ... a price.
67) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Usually businessmen rent offices ... the centre or ... a prestige disctrict of the city.
68) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: All parents try to provide their children ... good education and good manners.
69) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Commincation is ... great importance ... organizational structure.
70) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: We have just placed a big order ... the goods with this firm; they have agreed ... a 3% discount.
71) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: I have not seen my friend ... ages. He was ... diplomatic service abroad.
72) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The legislative power in Great Britain is exercised ... the Houses ... Parliament.
73) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Moscow is known ... its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
74) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Russians are a reading nation. It is impossible to imagine our life ... newspapers.
75) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The land of Russia varies ... thick forests ... barren deserts, ... high picked mountains ... deep valleys.
76) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The members of the Federal Assembly of Russia are elected ... popular vote ... a four year period.
77) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In the privarte enterprise system the right to profit attracts people to begin business.
78) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Of late the competitive firm has succeeded in selling its goods abroad.
79) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Sales experience greatly increases business people’s chances in the market.
80) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Yesterday our firm concluded a very profitable contract.
81) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: My friend is going to visit all London art galleries next year.
82) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In the USA the president can sign and veto any bill adopted by Congress.
83) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Barristers defend or prosecute in the higher courts.
84) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our University is renting a very good facility in the centre of Moscow.
85) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The Russian government has maped unprecedented plans for restructuring the national economy.
86) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In all countries consumers always compete against producers and traders.
87) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: By utilizing markering research marketers have acquired information on consumers.
88) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Buying power will separate casual lookers from serious customers in any market.
89) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Last year the competitive company extended the production of video-players.
90) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The court has considered the rights and liabilities of the parties to the contract.
91) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The company is now distributing “Preference shares” among its members.
92) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The treaty on Europian Union provides for the gradual creation of a single currency.
93) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Every businessman must know the market situation in detail.
94) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Insurance will considerably reduce financial risks if you start a business.
95) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Any man who has insured his life will receive an annuity for some period.
96) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Two or more limited companies can form a consortium with a view of profit.
97) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Mankind is now facing large possibilities and sharp contradictions.
98) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.


Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 1

99) Translate from English: A contract implied in law is one in which an obligation is imposed upon a person, irrespective or even in violation of his intention to enter into a contract.
100) Translate from Russian: Для служащих их трудовой коллектив является основным источником социального взаимодействия. Коммуникация, которая имеет место внутри коллектива, обеспечивает выход, выражение эмоций и удовлетворение социальных потребностей.
101) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Profit and loss.
B) Покупать или продавать товары от своего собственного имени.
102) Answer the question: What is the role of marketing research in business? Does it contribute to developing business or not?
103) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The manager … (to work) at the report for two hours when the employees of the firm came.
104) Insert article(s) where necessary: Do you know that ... sun is, in round numbers, 92.000.000 miles aways from ... Earth.
105) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Let’s have a look ... the diary, what are the engagements ... today.
106) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In all countries consumers always compete against producers and traders.
107) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Last year the competitive company extended the production of video-players.
108) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 2

1) Translate from English: A contract may be binding upon one party to the contract and not upon the other. Written contracts are mot always more binding than oral contracts.
2) Translate from Russian: Покупательная способность - это то, что отделяет случайны наблюдателей от серьезных клиентов. Любой рынок нуждается в достаточном количестве последних, чтобы гарантировать производство товаров.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) A system of taxation.
B) Контракты, касающиеся земли: закладные.
4) Answer the question: What kind of society is Russia building now, in your opinion?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: By December of next year the students of the University … (to learn) English for three years.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: In Russia the legislative power is exercised by ... Federal Assembly consisting of two Chambers: ... Council of Federation and ... State Duma.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: I didn’t spend a single penny ... building a new country cottage; it was built ... the expense of my father’s money.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Economic theory helps is understand how the world works.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Specialists are now classifying insurance by major categories: life, health and property-liability.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 3

1) Translate from English: A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties regarding a specified act or thing.
2) Translate from Russian: Товарная стратегия включает в себя решения относительно видов, ярлыков, торговых марок, упаковки, сертификатов, гарантий, разработки нового товара и цикла жизни товара.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To borrow money and to lend money.
B) Договоры (контракты), имеющие и не имеющие исковую силу.
4) Answer the question: Who owns the factors of production in capitalism?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Terrestrial civilization … (not to survive) if the way of thinking doesn't change.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: … Great lakes on the border with … Canada are the largest and the deepest in ... USA.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Commincation is ... great importance ... organizational structure.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: New legislation in Britain usually starts in the House of Lords.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: My friend had mortgaged all his property to get the required amount of money.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 4

1) Translate from English: All contracts which are illegal or contrary to public policy are void. At common law they are contracts to commit crimes or civil wrongs, contracts directed against the welfare of friendly states, contracts involving unmorality, contracts tending to promote corruption in public life and some others.
2) Translate from Russian: Существуют два основных раздела экономической теории: микроэкономика и макроэкономика. Микроэкономика исследует решения, которые принимают отдельные предприятия и потребители, а макроэкономика имеет дело с функционированием экономического комплекса всей страны.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To form a partnership.
B) Сбор, накопление, сопоставление и анализ информации о рынке.
4) Answer the question: Insurance is a major social institution which is essential to the functioning of any economy. Why do they call it so?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The secretary … (to type) a business letter for 30 minutes already.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The USA is a presidential republic, the President of the country must be … natural citizen and … civilian.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation consists ... two chambers: the Counsil of Federation and the State Duma. Each of them is headed ... the speaker.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Barristers defend or prosecute in the higher courts.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: A total market must satisfy smaller, more homogeneous target markers.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 5

1) Translate from English: A contract of bailment arises when the owner of goods (the bailer) entrusts possession of them into the care of another (the bailee). Hiring is a particular example of a contract of bailment.
2) Translate from Russian: При коммунизме факторы производства находятся под контролем правительства и все решения о производстве, распределении, потреблении и предпринимательской деятельности принимаются правительством.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To throw money about.
B) Договор, имеющий законную силу.
4) Answer the question: What problems is Contract law concerned with? What is its role in business?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The members of the Federal Assembly of Russia … (to elect) by the people for four years.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Russia is one of ... largest countries in the world; its vast territory lies in the eastern part of ... Europe and the northern part of ... Asia.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: We have just placed a big order ... the goods with this firm; they have agreed ... a 3% discount.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Commercial banks will not lend money to companies that have no experience in business.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The company is now distributing “Preference shares” among its members.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 6

1) Translate from English: The first requisite of any contract is an agreement. At least two parties are required: one of them, the offerer, makes an offer which the other, offeree, accepts.
2) Translate from Russian: При капитализме, или как его сейчас называют, системе частного предпринимательства, факторы производства находятся в частных руках, а экономические решения принимаются свободно, согласно рыночным законам спроса и предложения.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Gross and net profit.
B) Продавать товары с аукциона.
4) Answer the question: What problems does normative economics study and for what purposes?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: No students … (to pass) the exam in civil law yet.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... deep break is now between ... old and ... young and this factor cannot but influence the development of events in our country.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: ... capitalism industry and individuals use resources as they choose, ... communism nearly all resources are owned ... the govern ment.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Many business people realize now that there is strength in number.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The contract purchased by the employer will provide health care to employees and their families.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 7

1) Translate from English: The contract may come to an end and the parties discharged from their contractual obligations in the following ways: by breach and performance. But a breach of a term doesn't automatically terminate the contract.
2) Translate from Russian: Промышленный рынок состоит из государственных и частных фирм, которые покупают товары для использования либо в производстве, либо для изготовления других товаров.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) A limited liability company and a joint stock corporation.
B) Производить нужные товары и услуги.
4) Answer the question: What types of modern economic systems do you know? Please, name them.
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: My friend's father worries much about his son … (to study) at the University, he is not … (to satisfy) with his present marks.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... economics has deep roots in and close ties to ... social philosophy.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The centre of New York, Manhattan Island, was bought ... the Indians ... a handful of trinkets that cost twenty-four dollars.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In a capitalist system individuals accumulate savings and invest them in the tools of production.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: All companies were looking for new markets for their goods last winter.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 8

1) Translate from English: A contract which possesses all basic elements is said to be valid. The absence of an essential element will render the contract either void, avoidable or unenforceable.
2) Translate from Russian: Корпорация - это вид искусственно образованного юридического лица с правом выступать в суде в качестве истца или ответчика. Она может состоять из одного или нескольких лиц, но в каждом случае у нее есть правовой статус в отличие от этих лиц.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To allocate money for various projects.
B) Продавать товары частным образом.
4) Answer the question: What Institution controls the stability of the national currency in Russia? What other functions does it perform?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: There used … (to be) a big plant in this street but it was knocked down.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Wholesale and retail dealers stand between ... producer or the industry and ... consumer.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Most newspapers in Britain belong ... financial groups. They do not belong ... the government or political parties.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Enterpreneurship consists of risking the loss of money and time in the hope of making a profit.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Our trade partner has already received our annotation for the ordered electronic equipment.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 9

1) Translate from English: An offer is a proposal made by the offerer with a promise to be bound by that proposal if the offeree accepts the stated terms. An offer can end in a number of ways: by acceptance of the offer, by rejection of the offer, by revocation before acceptance, if it lapses etc.
2) Translate from Russian: Ценовая стратегия занимается установлением цен на товары, которые могут принести прибыль. Решения по ценам зависят от того, как реагирует искомый рынок на низкую и высокую цену.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Personal savings.
B) Вступать в силу (о законе).
4) Answer the question: What criteria are applied in judging economic outcomes in this or that country? Name them.
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The money … (to spend) for social services creates more demand for the goods … (to produce) by businesses.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Russia borders on many countries, such as ... Mongolia and ... China in the south-east, ... Finland and Norway in the north-west.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The land of Russia varies ... thick forests ... barren deserts, ... high picked mountains ... deep valleys.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: A lot of young people are practising martial arts in our country.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The insurance companies throughout the world employ more than 20 million people.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 10

1) Translate from English: The text of any international commercial contract usually begins with a preamble in which juridical names of the parties drafting a contract are given.
2) Translate from Russian: В условиях системы частного предпринимательства люди конкурируют друг с другом. Конкуренция вместе с прибылью является краеугольным камнем этой системы.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To be a legal person with the right to sue and be sued.
B) Расторгнуть договор (контракт).
4) Answer the question: What is an economic system? What distinguishes one system from another?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Any businessman needs to speak to other people and he can do it by … (to use) the telephone.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Great Britain lies on … Atlantic coast of Western Europe, separated from … France by only 21 miles of water.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Organizing is an operational managerial function which depends heavily ... the coordinated effort ... an entire organization.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: This bank had gone bankrupt a long ago after making a big loan to the small businesses.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Many people believe in Doomsday’s approaching.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 11

1) Translate from English: contract law is a branch of civil law. It is important because it affects most aspects of any business operation. It is the legal foundation on which normal business dealings are conducted.
2) Translate from Russian: Капитал - это в совокупности инструменты, оборудование, машины и здания, используемые для производства товаров и услуг. В этом случае капитал не относится просто к деньгам. Деньги сами по себе не производительны, но когда на них приобретают станки, пишущие машинки, краны и помещения для их установки, они становятся производительными.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) The end justifies the means.
B) Обанкротиться.
4) Answer the question: Who controls the operation and direction of basic industries in modern Russia?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Mr. Robertson, my companion, …(to own) now five big factories … (to produce) children's books and toys.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Washington, …capital of the USA, is situated on both banks of … Potomac river.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Usually businessmen rent offices ... the centre or ... a prestige disctrict of the city.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The members of a limited company have limited liability.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: In our days when the world has radically changed we, professors, should teach young people a new way of thinking.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 12

1) Translate from English: The most basic requirement of a contract is the presence of an agreement. It must have been entered voluntarily and involved "a genuine meeting of minds". The agreement may be invalidated by a number of factors - mistake, misrepresentation, duress and undue pressure.
2) Translate from Russian: В сегодняшних условиях мирному сосуществованию государств нет разумной альтернативы. Или жить вместе, или погибнуть вместе - третьего не дано. Именно на этой идее основывается сегодня внешняя политика России.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To arrange financing through a commercial bank.
B) Проводить в жизнь законы.
4) Answer the question: Economics has deep roots in, and close ties to, social philosophy? Why?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Two firms … (to strike) just a contract for the mutual supply of goods.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: In capitalism, if a company produces ... defective product or charges too much for ... product it is regected by consumers.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: I have not seen my friend ... ages. He was ... diplomatic service abroad.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Global contradictions affect the very foundations of the existence of civilization.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Sales representatives often visit the clientele of retail dealers.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 13

1) Translate from English: Generally, the law doesn't require complex formalities concerning the form of a contract. The majority of agreements are created either orally or implied from conduct. There are, however, some types of contracts which are needed in writing. They are contracts for sale of land, sale of goods on credit, for borrowing money and others.
2) Translate from Russian: Менеджеры выполняют свою работу в организации. Они принимают решения, распределяют ресурсы и направляют деятельность других на достижение целей, поставленных перед организацией.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To buy smth at a reduced price.
B) Поставлять товары на условиях продажи или возврата.
4) Answer the question: They say that economics is a behavioral science? Why?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Nobody before thought of … (to go) abroad and … (to look) for a job there. Now a lot of people … (to think) about it.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: With the creditor function, each bank, as institution, plays ... excludingly important part in the economy.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Russia tries to base its relations ... other countries ... the principles of equal security and mutual benefit.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In the privarte enterprise system the right to profit attracts people to begin business.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: A court of law cannot enforce any agreement if it does not know what the agreement is.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 14

1) Translate from English: A contract of insurance is an agreement whereby an insurance company undertakes to compensate a person, called the insured, if the risk insured against does in fact occur.
2) Translate from Russian: В настоящее время мы, как никогда раньше, нуждаемся в эффективных экономических подходах и механизмах, основанных на паритете, которые гарантировали бы рациональное использование природных ресурсов как общего достояния (собственности) человечества.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To form an unlimited company.
B) Спрос и предложение.
4) Answer the question: How can global problems, in your opinion, be solved now? On what principles?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: These goods … (to sell) in big volumes and by items.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... economic system is ... method society uses to allocate its resources to satisfy its needs.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The private enterprise system is founded ... four principles or rights: the right ... private property, freedom of choice, competion and profits.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our manager left the message for his friend with the secretary.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: In Russia banks are now running a great business in stock markets.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 15

1) Translate from English: Consideration is the value or benefit that a party provides to the others with whom the contract is made. Consideration can take two forms: executed consideration and executory consideration. In any case consideration must not be illegal.
2) Translate from Russian: Прибыль - это разница между общими доходами от бизнеса либо выручкой от продажи и общими затратами производства (издержками производства), включая оперативные расходы и налоги.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To cut down expenses.
B) Акцептовать или отозвать оферту.
4) Answer the question: What is a market? What kinds of markets do you know?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Why do people make businesses? They do it in the hope of …(to get) profits.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The USA is … Federal Union of 50 states; each of them has … government.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The legislative power in Great Britain is exercised ... the Houses ... Parliament.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Yesterday our firm concluded a very profitable contract.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: By utilizing markering research marketers have acquired information on consumers.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 16

1) Translate from English: The mere fact of an agreement alone doesn't make a contract. In order for such an agreement to be valid and enforceable through the courts consideration must be furnished by each party to the contract.
2) Translate from Russian: Акция - владение частью компании и, следовательно, правом на долю любого дохода, который она приносит (дивиденд).
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To start a business with a sufficient capital.
B) Стороны по контракту (договору).
4) Answer the question: Why are wholesale and retail dealers called intermediaries in business? What is customers’ attitude towards them?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: In each House of English Parliament a bill … (to consider) in three stages … (to call) readings.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... Contract law is ... branch of ... civil law. It is ... legal foundation of all business dealings.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The new cars of Gorki plant are different ... what we had two years ago. We are very interested ... buying some of them.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Under the Contract law nobody can use another name and trademark by starting a new business.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: We have to decide this problem immediately.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 17

1) Translate from English: The standards of proof are higher in a criminal action than in a civil action since the loser risks not only financial penalties but also being sent to prison (or. in some countries, executed).
2) Translate from Russian: Экономическое развитие всех стран было бы ускорено осуществлением широкой программы разоружения. Более низкие уровни военной конфронтации создали бы благоприятную атмосферу для активизации экономического сотрудничества в интересах всех и всего.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Small business; small-business owners.
B) Стимулировать спрос на товары.
4) Answer the question: Land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship are the main factors of production in any economic system. Who must they belong to, in your opinion?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The success of your business will depend on your (to plan and to motivate) the activities of the employees of the firm.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: In Russia ... bill becomes ... law if it is approved by both chambers of the Federal Assembly and signed by the President.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: All parents try to provide their children ... good education and good manners.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Sales experience greatly increases business people’s chances in the market.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Buying power will separate casual lookers from serious customers in any market.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 18

1) Translate from English: Public law is primarily concerned with the relationship between the state and its citizens. The main categories of public law are: crimes, constitutional law, international law.
2) Translate from Russian: Экономическая теория является наукой о том, как люди и общества делают выбор, во что вкладывать дефицитные ресурсы среди конкурирующих возможностей. Сделанный ими выбор, суммируясь, превращается в общественный выбор.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To avoid excessive borrowings.
B) Оспоримые и лишенные законной силы договоры (контракты).
4) Answer the question: Advertisement is of much importance to modern business? What means of advertisement do you know?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: If there are appeals from magistrate's courts they always … (to hear) in the Crown Court unless they are on points of law.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Russia is ... presidentail republic, it is one of ... leading powers in the world.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: As there was a long break ... the general manager and the work group of the firm, we didn’t make good profits last month.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Russia has never laid any territorial claims against any country in the world.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: English law does not recognize joint ownership of property as a business.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 19

1) Translate from English: A mere agreement is not yet a contract commonly, the term "Contract" is used by English lawyers to convey the idea of responsibility which arises from the voluntary engagement of one person to another.
2) Translate from Russian: Все менеджеры имеют руководящую роль. Эта роль включает в себя: найм, тренинг, мотивацию и приучение служащих к дисциплине.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To lead a miserable existence.
B) Повышать или понижать учетную ставку.
4) Answer the question: What is contract? Please, give its definition and name its basic elements.
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: It is true that our director is suspected of … (to commit a crime).
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The United States is … very large country with different climatic regions; it is … land of rivers and lakes.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: London is noted ... its museums and art galleries
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Businessmen pay much attention to the way their offices look like.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The product strategy of this firm was including dicisions about new product development and the product life cycle.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 20

1) Translate from English: A mortgage is a method of borrowing money on the security of some property. Any kind of property (land, goods, insurance policies) may be the subject of a mortgage but, in practice, most mortgage advances are secured on land.
2) Translate from Russian: Труд - совокупный человеческий ресурс(ы), необходимый для превращения сырьевых материалов в товары и услуги. Он включает в себя работу всех работников бизнеса - от высшего руководства до работников всех звеньев организационной структуры.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To sell at a profit.
B) Осуществлять продажу и куплю облигаций и акций.
4) Answer the question: How are economic decisions made under communism?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The executive power in Russia belongs to the Government, or the Cabinet of Ministers, … (to head) by the Prime-Minister.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The main mountain chains in Russia are ... Urals, ... Caucasus and ... Altai.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The competitive firm profited ... our firm’s mistakes and sold all its goods ... a profit.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In capitalism anyone who has the capital can embark on any business he or she chooses.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Our laboratory at St. Petersbourg is carrying out sampling and analysis of the imported goods.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 21

1) Translate from English: In most countries criminal and civil procedures are different. For example, criminal actions are nearly always started by the state. Civil actions, on the other hand, are usually started by individuals.
2) Translate from Russian: Существуют различные способы ведения дела (бизнеса). Наиболее известные из них: создать (организовать) компанию с ограниченной или неограниченной ответственностью, образовать товарищество, или действовать как индивидуальный торговец. Каждый из этих способов имеет преимущества и недостатки.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To be on sale.
B) Контракты купли и продажи товаров: продажа товаров, обмен и бартер, поставка товаров в кредит.
4) Answer the question: What ways to run a business do you know? Please, name them.
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The government insists on (to impose) a new income tax.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Under the concept of indemnity, which is central to ... insurance, insurance is merely to cover ... financial loss.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: In the USA legislative branch is exercised … the Congress and the executive branch is headed ... the President.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Gorki plant producing cars has been operating in the market for ten years already.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Illegal considerations will not make binding contracts.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 22

1) Translate from English: Illegal considerations will not make a binding contract. A contract containing an agreement to do anything immoral, indecent or contrary to law is void as, for example, contracts to commit, conceal or compound a crime.
2) Translate from Russian: Сколько нужно капитала для открытия своего дела? Это зависит от таких переменных величин, как месторасположение, условия кредита, предоставляемого поставщиками, расстояние от рынков и природа товара или услуги.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To collect taxes.
B) Контракты личного найма: договор личного найма и договор о предоставлении услуг.
4) Answer the question: What are three basic forms of business ownership?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: We all used … (to work hard) when we were young.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on Russian territory: the longest rivers are ... Volga in Europe and … Yenisei in Asia.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Enterpreneurship consists ... risking the loss of money, time and effort in the hope - but ... any guarantee - ... profit.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In the USA the president can sign and veto any bill adopted by Congress.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The Russian philosophy of securing peace in the nuclear-space age encompasses the entire comples of disarmement measures.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 23

1) Translate from English: Private law is very often called civil law and is contrasted with criminal law. Criminal law mainly deals with crimes which are considered to harm the well being of individuals as well as the well being of society in general.
2) Translate from Russian: Рынок - это группа потенциальных потребителей, обладающих правом и способностью приобретать отдельный товар или услугу, которые удовлетворяют их коллективные запросы.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) They live beyond their means.
B) Потерять уйму денег на сделке.
4) Answer the question: What are the main topics of any international commercial contract?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: In Russia legislative power … (to vest) in the Federal Assembly … (to consist) of the Council of Federation and the State Duma.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and … Northern Ireland is … constitutional monarchy.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Owing to the measures taken ... the goverment in the last two years all the products have considerably risen ... price.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Insurance lends itself only to the treatment of pure risk.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The economists have predicted a lot of financial losses for this year.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 24

1) Translate from English: A contract gives rise to certain rights and obligations. But these rights and obligations cannot arise except between the parties to the contract. A contract may be binding upon one party to the contract and not upon the other.
2) Translate from Russian: Ресурсы, используемые для организации бизнеса - производства товаров и услуг, являются факторами производства. Это - земля, труд, капитал и предпринимательство.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) The right to private property and the right of ownership.
B) Производить больше товаров (продуктов) с меньшими затратами (ресурсами).
4) Answer the question: What are the main principles of Russia's foreign policy?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Small-business owners do not often succeed in … (to run) a business.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Being in business means filling a customer need, ... niche, ... demand for ... particular kind of goods in ... particular kind of way.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The House of Lords of English Parliament is composed ... hereditary and life peers while the members of the House of Commons are elected ... the people.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: New small-business owners in Moscow have offered a lot of goods and services to the public of late.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The treaty on Europian Union provides for the gradual creation of a single currency.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 25

1) Translate from English: A minor is bound by contracts of employment, apprenticeship and education, which are for his benefit. And such contracts as leases of land, partnership and the purchase of shares are binding on him until he decides to reject them. He must repudiate the contract before reaching 18 not to be liable upon a contract.
2) Translate from Russian: При капитализме бизнес предстает во всех видах и размерах. Однако, в общем, бизнес - это либо товаропроизводящие, либо производящие услуги фирмы.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Goods-producing and service producing firms.
B) Увеличить производство товаров и услуг.
4) Answer the question: What problems does mankind face in our days? Are they really global and serious?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: We believe that a new thinking must … (to adopt) in the World in order … (to settle) global problems.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: In the USA … highest mountains are … Rocky Mountains and … Cordillera.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The manager of our firm is absent now. Yesterday he left ... France where he is ... business trip.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: In England solicitors deal with all the day work of preparing legal documents for barristers.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: In building a new society our country has dealt with immense prospects and difficulties.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 26

1) Translate from English: There are different types of business contracts. The most common of them are: contracts for financial services, contracts concerning land; mortgages, employment contracts, contracts of agency, contracts for the supply of goods, contracts of bailment: hire.
2) Translate from Russian: Экономическая система - это метод, который общество использует для распределения своих ресурсов в целях удовлетворения потребностей. Что отличает одну систему от другой - так это контроль над факторами производства и взаимодействие бизнеса, правительства и потребителей.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To price goods.
B) Платить наличными..
4) Answer the question: What can you say about today's economic reforms in Russia? Are you satisfied with their results?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: There … (to be) a number telephone calls in our firm today.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The United States of America are situated in … central part of the North American continent and washed by … Pacific and … Atlantic oceans.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: St. Paul’s Cathedral is one of the places of interest of London: it was built ... 1675 ... 1709 and is crowned ... a huge dome.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Advertisement, a very important branch of marketing, has been developing with the development of mass media.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: In the market customers are purchasing products and services from manufacturers and wholesalers.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 27

1) Translate from English: The second basic element of an agreement is an acceptance of the offer. An acceptance may take any form. It can be given orally or in writing but silence cannot normally amount to an acceptance.
2) Translate from Russian: Потребительский рынок состоит из отдельных лиц, покупающих товары для личного использования. Товары, предназначенные для этого рынка, известны как потребительские товары.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To sell at a discount.
B) Контракты финансовых услуг: банковские и страховые контракты.
4) Answer the question: Is there any difference between capitalism and the private enterprise system or they are both one and the same economic system?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The new government of Russia counts much on … (to support) by the State Duma in … (to conduct) economic reforms.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: Once London was… small Roman town on … Thames which slowly grew into one of the world's major cities.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: ... the threshold ot the third millennium the world is full ... hopes as well as overburdened ... dangers and contradictions.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our country will pay especial attention to maintaining traditionally good relations with neighbouring countries.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: During a slack one can sell products necessary for life, even in big quantities.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 28

1) Translate from English: Capacity is a legal ability of a party to enter into agreements. It means, that everyone is capable of entering into a contract. But there some groups of people who are in need of law's protection. They are minors under the age of 18, mental patients and drunkards.
2) Translate from Russian: Существуют три формы предпринимательской собственности: индивидуальная собственность, товарищество и корпорация. Создавая свое предприятие, предприниматель решает, какую из этих трех форм он должен выбрать.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Corporation and sole traders.
B) Прекратить обязательства по договору (контракту).
4) Answer the question: When do excess demand and excess supply arise in the market? How do prices of goods react on them?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Making consumers aware that you are providing goods and services for their needs …(to call) marketing.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: A mortgage is ... method of borrowing money on ... security of some property.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: ... the USA Constitution, the government is divided ... three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: A businessman communicates with his firm’s employees by using the telephone and by writing.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Partners can pay interest on a loan by a share of net profits.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 29

1) Translate from English: The general term "Contract" comprises every agreement or obligation whereby one party binds himself, or becomes bound, expressly or impliedly, to another, to pay a sum of money, or to do or omit to do any particular act.
2) Translate from Russian: Акции могут быть приобретены, когда компания впервые организована, или при последующем выпуске акций, либо они могут быть куплены или получены от своих акционеров.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Negotiable instruments: a bill of exchange, promissory note, dividend warrant and share warrant.
B) Покупать товар оптом, а продавать поштучно.
4) Answer the question: Which are the main causes of the crisis in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries? What do you think of it?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: In England civil cases, for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases, … (to deal) with in county courts.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: … United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on… British Isles.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: The members of the Federal Assembly of Russia are elected ... popular vote ... a four year period.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The Tretiakovs brothers had carried their love for Moscow through all their lives.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Any man who has insured his life will receive an annuity for some period.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 30

1) Translate from English: We live in a society which has developed a complex body of rules to control the activities of its members. These rules affect every aspect of our lives.
2) Translate from Russian: Все виды работы требуют особого опыта, и многие люди развивают свои специальные навыки на рабочем месте.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Income tax and tax purchase.
B) Открыть счет в сберегательном банке.
4) Answer the question: Conducting marketing research involves five basic steps, what are they?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: What are you looking for? My scissors, they … (to lie) on the shelf in my room yesterday.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The British Isles are separated from the Continent by … North Sea, … English Channel and… Strait of Dover.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Numerous bridges link Manhattan, the centre of business and finance, ... opposite shores.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The Central Bank oversees the stability of national currency by regulating the amount of money in circulation.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Under law the partners of a partnership must carry on a business in common.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 31

1) Translate from English: There are a number ways in which the law, as a science, may be classified; the most important are as follows: public and private law.
2) Translate from Russian: При капитализме отдельные лица обладают правом покупать, владеть, использовать и продавать собственность, как они считают нужным. Это право владения включает: землю, строения, оборудование и нематериальную собственность, такую, как изобретения.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To levy a tax on smth (smb).
B) Договор о передаче на ответственное хранение: прокат.
4) Answer the question: What types of business contracts do you know?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: In capitalism individuals invest their savings in everything … (to need) to produce products and services.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is ... purest on ... Earth.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: In today’s business world small owners can survive only ... the expense of their active efforts and the government’s support.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The Crown Court usually deals with only serious criminal cases.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: In the most troubling period of history the simple laws of morality and justice ought to govern relations among nations.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 32

1) Translate from English: The law demands that the parties drafting a contract intended to enter into a legal relationship. In accordance with the intention of the parties to the contract all agreements may be de vided into two categories: social (domestic) and business (commercial) agreements.
2) Translate from Russian: Товарная, рекламная, ценовая и дистрибутивная стратегии являются инструментами и переменными данными, с которыми работает рыночный агент. Эффективное сочетание этих стратегий известно как набор средств маркетинга.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To liquidate or wind up a company.
B) Аннулировать договор (контракт).
4) Answer the question: Why does Russia suggest the world economic order to be restored and normalized?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Now most countries … (to face) the problem of unemployment which … (to reached) a very high level.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: America's largest rivers are … Mississippi, … Missouri and … Rio Grande.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Great Britain is made up ... three countries: England, Scotland and Wales.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our company has raised its capital by issuing new shares in return for loans.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: Every businessman must know the market situation in detail.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 33

1) Translate from English: The error annuls the contract with the exception of cases when the contracting party would have been equally willing to enter into a contract with any other person.
2) Translate from Russian: В системе частного предпринимательства прибыль является главной целью бизнеса. Она - мерило успеха для бизнесмена и вознаграждение за предпринимательский риск.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) To sell smth below cost.
B) Продажа товаров по описанию и образцу.
4) Answer the question: What questions does positive economics ask and attempt to answer?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: The Russian philosophy of securing peace is … (to guide) by the idea of peaceful coexistence and … (to implement) in concrete disarmament measures.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: ... advertisement is ... very important branch of marketing which develops with the development of ... mass media.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: ... business staying within a field of expertise increases chances ... success.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: The Russian government has maped unprecedented plans for restructuring the national economy.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: It is expected that the Central Bank will raise the discount rate in the near future.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 34

1) Translate from English: there are also many points of contact between criminal and civil law. In most countries if the loser of a civil case refuses to comply with the order made against him the procedures for forcing him to comply may result in a criminal prosecution.
2) Translate from Russian: Маркетинг - коммерческая деятельность, организующая поток товаров и услуг от производителя к потребителю. Маркетинговые усилия составляют до половины стоимости товара.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) Consumer and manufactured goods.
B) Организовывать поток товаров и денег от производителя к потребителям.
4) Answer the question: Are there any differences between pure and mixed capitalism? What are they?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Moscow … (to know) for its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: A limited leability company is not ... only way to run ... bisiness, it is also possible to form ... unlimited company.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: All English papers are divided ... two main groups: quality papers and popular papers.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our University is renting a very good facility in the centre of Moscow.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: The court has considered the rights and liabilities of the parties to the contract.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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Экзаменационный билет по предмету
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС ДЛЯ НЕЛИНГВИСТОВ

Билет № 35

1) Translate from English: In every country there are laws which govern people's conduct at home and in society, their working conditions, regulate leisure pursuits and control personal relationships.
2) Translate from Russian: На рубеже третьего тысячелетия человечество сталкивается со множеством проблем, которые должны быть срочно решены. Наиболее важные из них - это так называемые глобальные проблемы, включая сырьевую и энергетическую проблемы.
3) Provide the correct Russian and English equivalents:
A) The freedom of choice and competition.
B) Издержки производства растут, а цены падают.
4) Answer the question: What is law as science? How can it be classified? Which branches of law are you studying now?
5) Use the right form(s) of the verb(s) in brackets: Neither our firm nor competitive firms … (to be) successful in … (to sell) products abroad last year.
6) Insert article(s) where necessary: The President of the USA is ... head of ... Federal government wich deals with ... international problems and national matters.
7) Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary: Moscow is known ... its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
8) Ask questions: a) to the subject of the sentence; b) to the predicate: Our company has been competing with similar existing businesses for ten ears already.
9) Use the phrase in the Passive Voice: A customer can send an open check to his supplier.
10) Please, write a few lines about yourself, your prospects, your future business.





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