One of the most prominent Ukrainian painters of the late XIX - early XX century Alexander Murashko born August 26, 1875 in Kiev, the family of Alexander Ivanovich iconographer ants. His uncle, Nicholas Murashko was famous culture, the founder of the Kyiv Drawing School. One of the most prominent Ukrainian painters of the late XIX - early XX century Alexander Murashko born August 26, 1875 in Kiev, the family of Alexander Ivanovich iconographer ants. His uncle, Nicholas Murashko was famous culture, the founder of the Kyiv Drawing School.
A large group of
Ukrainian artists came from Kyiv Mykola Murashka drawing school
(1844-1909), who was a famous art critic, author of popular books in
its time "Memories of the old teacher, an outstanding educator,
master of lithography, first in the Ukrainian graphic applied to
illustrate children's books and created illustrations for Andersen
fairy tales. The school Murashka Nicholas, who from 1875 until 1901
was the center of artistic life in Kyiv, winning art education
Kryzhytskyy, Pymonenkao, Dyadchenko, Kostenko, Yizhakevych,
Cvitlytskyy, Krasytsky, Serov, Malevich. School attended and provided
her assistance Repin, Ge, Vrubel, Polish painter Jan Stanislavsky.
Under the influence of an increasingly broader revitalization of
scientific societies, including the Historical Society of Nestor the
Chronicler, Scientific Society. Taras Shevchenko Kyiv cultural
institutions and provincial Commons, South West Branch of the Russian
Geographic Society, which was attended by A., Lysenko, Chubynsky,
Wolf, in people growing interest in its historical past, to folk art.
In the visual arts of the time especially the intensive household and
historical genres that allow you to display important events and
developments current and past. A lot of artists turned to the
historical genre, which implemented its national and patriotic
feelings.
The
childhood of the artist was in town Borzna in Chernihiv. Later the
family moved to Kyiv, where his father opened the icon-painting
workshops. Working in his father's painting studio and Mastering in
iconographer Naumenko, Alexander Murashko graduated from the Kiev
Theological College. In the late 80's Professor Adrian Alexander
Prakhov attracted to work on finishing the interior of the Vladimir
Cathedral in Kiev. Getting Prahova and Russian artists Vasnetsov,
Nesterov, Wrubel, Kotarbinskym who worked on the paintings of the
cathedral, encouraged the young man seriously study painting. Met
resistance father who wanted his son got religious education or a
merchant, Alexander leaves home for a long time is a loader on the
Dnieper, is among vagrants, suffers hardship, poverty, however,
leaves no ploy, colorful paints the common types of Kiev.1900 O.
Murashko receives for the painting "Burial Kosh" title with
the right artist mesionerskoyi travel abroad. Since 1901 A. Murashko
is in Germany, Italy, where he performs a number of works which
refers to the Academy as a report by mesionerske travel. In February
1902 the Academy extends the mission and offering Murashko internship
in Paris, where he creates a series of brilliant paintings, including
"Portrait of a girl in a red hat", inspired by then popular
in Europe, impressionistic manner. 1904 Murashko returns to
Petersburg, participates in a "New Society of
Artists.Mesionerske travel abroad Murashko allowed to plunge into a
whirlwind of rapid artistic life of the major European art centers,
Paris and Munich, where he stays until 1907. Various, often radically
opposed in their artistic direction of flow directions and not left
behind creative research master in the field of color and form. But
most were his soul to reach the French Impressionists, through which
his palette becomes clearer, dekoratyvnishoyu, emotionally
nasnazhenishoyu, juicy, and the disclosure of the nature images in
the portraits - ekspresyvnishym. It was in Paris Murashko created one
of the most effective of these works, "Girl in red hat"
(1902-1903), which is one of the best achievements of the Ukrainian
portrait of the twentieth century. Abroad Murashko
also created a series of paintings, which described the life of Paris
and Parisians ("Parisian", "Cafй",
"Parisian cafe," At the Cafe "), successfully combined
the colorful achievements of impressionism with a delicate
psychological, compositional expression.
In 1911 became a member of Munich Murashko secessionism, the annual
exhibition. 1913 created a glorious picture of the "Peasant
Family". In 1910-ies Murashko teacher at the Kiev Art College as
a professor, in 1913, together with A. Krueger-Prahova offers private
studio that lasted until 1917. After the February Revolution, the
artist took an active part in the Ukrainian Academy of Arts. 1919 O.
Murashko killed by bandits. In the second half of the XIX Century in
Ukraine intensified nationalist movement that called for a powerful
creative life force of the people. On the influence of Repin Murashka
already shows that under Ryepinovyh Zaporozhets he played competitive
diploma work "Burial Kosh. In the workshop Repin Alexander
Murashko went with many Ukrainian artists, including Mr. Martinovich,
O. Slastion, S. Vasilkovsky. The basis of the great monumental
paintings charged story of life Zaporizhzhya Sich. An artist with
great skill described feeling Zaporozhian-Cossacks who solemnly
accompanied the last journey of his chieftain. As Repin in
Zaporozhets, Murashko among the central characters depicted famous
Cossack Ivan Sirko. However, creativity-portrait by Repin, who
overcame academic convention, was a bold innovator in presenting the
inner world portretovanyh, focusing on the best psychological models
of European paintings, determined and creative searches Alexander
ants. For his first significant work as a portrait - "Portrait
of a Girl" - shows a significant impact ryepinskoyi energetic
style of writing, poetry in presenting the image. At the same time on
the creative manner Murashka-portrait had a noticeable impact
creativity Serov, where the inherent refinement of artistic taste,
artistic reproduction of the deepest nuances of human experiences by
means of fine art. An important feature Murashka as an artist and
citizen, was his active participation in the development of Ukrainian
school of art. His experience over from the Repin and Nikolai
Murashka, he successfully used as a teacher of the Kyiv Drawing
School and later at the Kiev Art School and their own studio, open it
with the artist A. Krueger-Prahova in Kiev in 1913. In his system of
teaching Murashko refused mechanical copying of plaster and dead
nature. He, like the French impressionists, taught young artists work
only on wildlife are constantly advised to observe and record life in
all its forms, the students developed a keen sense of color, he
prepared them to be this diligent students of nature. His concept
evolved in the Wake of the overall development of Ukrainian culture
that sought after centuries of spiritual enslavement to revive old
traditions, including the Ukrainian school of painting. Murashko was
actively involved with his creativity and teaching at the National
revival times of the Ukrainian State. Together with Boychuk, Narbut,
Alexander Krichevsky creates the Ukrainian Academy of Arts. The best
works Murashka - "Portrait of a girl in a red hat" and
"Peasant Family" - Ukrainian painting presented to the best
world achievements of the twentieth century. Murashko killed by
bandits in the prime of his creative life. The circumstances of his
death and still not addressed and remain mysterious, like the sudden
and mysterious death in the same years of Ukrainian culture devotees
Steshenka Ivan, Nikolai Leontovich, Alexandra Efimenko, Theodore
Wolf, George Narbuta.